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Python Twisted rpy module called multiple times - why?

I am programming Python the first day today. I am running Twisted webserver like this

/usr/bin/python3 -m twisted web --http=80 --path=/website

I wanted to add a scripted page using an .rpy file at /test.rpy

This is the code in the test.rpy file

from twisted.web.resource import Resource
from twisted.python import log

import subprocess

class MyResource(Resource):
    def render_GET(self, request):
        log.startLogging(open('/root/test.log', 'a'))
        log.msg('test')
        request.setHeader(b"content-type", b"text/html")
        return b'abc'

resource = MyResource()

when i navigate to the location on the web browser, it shows "abc" as I would expect. But what I did not expect was in the test.log file (ip replaced with x.x.x.x)... as you can see, everytime i press Refresh on web browser it looks like the module is called multiple times -- first one time, next 2 times, next 3 times... can someone explain it to me?

# tail -f test.log 
2023-03-24 14:08:49+0000 [-] Warning: primary log target selected twice at </usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/twisted/python/log.py:208> - previously selected at </usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/twisted/application/runner/_runner.py:140>.  Remove one of the calls to beginLoggingTo.
2023-03-24 14:08:49+0000 [_GenericHTTPChannelProtocol (TLSMemoryBIOProtocol),0,x.x.x.x] Log opened.
2023-03-24 14:08:49+0000 [_GenericHTTPChannelProtocol (TLSMemoryBIOProtocol),0,x.x.x.x] test

2023-03-24 14:08:58+0000 [-] Warning: primary log target selected twice at </usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/twisted/python/log.py:208> - previously selected at </usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/twisted/python/log.py:208>.  Remove one of the calls to beginLoggingTo.
2023-03-24 14:08:58+0000 [-] Warning: primary log target selected twice at </usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/twisted/python/log.py:208> - previously selected at </usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/twisted/python/log.py:208>.  Remove one of the calls to beginLoggingTo.
2023-03-24 14:08:58+0000 [_GenericHTTPChannelProtocol (TLSMemoryBIOProtocol),0,x.x.x.x] Log opened.
2023-03-24 14:08:58+0000 [_GenericHTTPChannelProtocol (TLSMemoryBIOProtocol),0,x.x.x.x] Log opened.
2023-03-24 14:08:58+0000 [_GenericHTTPChannelProtocol (TLSMemoryBIOProtocol),0,x.x.x.x] test
2023-03-24 14:08:58+0000 [_GenericHTTPChannelProtocol (TLSMemoryBIOProtocol),0,x.x.x.x] test

2023-03-24 14:09:01+0000 [-] Warning: primary log target selected twice at </usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/twisted/python/log.py:208> - previously selected at </usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/twisted/python/log.py:208>.  Remove one of the calls to beginLoggingTo.
2023-03-24 14:09:01+0000 [-] Warning: primary log target selected twice at </usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/twisted/python/log.py:208> - previously selected at </usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/twisted/python/log.py:208>.  Remove one of the calls to beginLoggingTo.
2023-03-24 14:09:01+0000 [-] Warning: primary log target selected twice at </usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/twisted/python/log.py:208> - previously selected at </usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/twisted/python/log.py:208>.  Remove one of the calls to beginLoggingTo.
2023-03-24 14:09:01+0000 [_GenericHTTPChannelProtocol (TLSMemoryBIOProtocol),0,x.x.x.x] Log opened.
2023-03-24 14:09:01+0000 [_GenericHTTPChannelProtocol (TLSMemoryBIOProtocol),0,x.x.x.x] Log opened.
2023-03-24 14:09:01+0000 [_GenericHTTPChannelProtocol (TLSMemoryBIOProtocol),0,x.x.x.x] Log opened.
2023-03-24 14:09:01+0000 [_GenericHTTPChannelProtocol (TLSMemoryBIOProtocol),0,x.x.x.x] test
2023-03-24 14:09:01+0000 [_GenericHTTPChannelProtocol (TLSMemoryBIOProtocol),0,x.x.x.x] test
2023-03-24 14:09:01+0000 [_GenericHTTPChannelProtocol (TLSMemoryBIOProtocol),0,x.x.x.x] test

I expected the module to be called exactly one time, every time the page was loaded, not many times.



source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/75834801/python-twisted-rpy-module-called-multiple-times-why
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