Why do the end and flush parameters affect how quickly python prints to the console?

I noticed that when using print(), these parameters significantly affected how quickly it got to the VSCode console, in ways that I do not understand.

I used time.time to time some for loops counting to 100,000 with different parameters.

No end character specified, flush=false: 13.01 s

No end character specified, flush=true: 13.97 s

Why did this take longer than with the buffer? It seems like without the middleman it should go faster.

End=" ", flush=false: 0.47 s This seems like it would be the same as the first case, but printing a space instead of a newline character, does the newline character take that long to print? Does it have some sort of special functionality in the console?

End=" ", flush=true: 6.46 s

Once again, why is it longer without the buffer? And this one was 13x longer?!

Edit: I've only grown more confused: Printing with "end='\n'" takes even longer than the first one! I thought all it was doing by default was appending a newline character?

source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/77856339/why-do-the-end-and-flush-parameters-affect-how-quickly-python-prints-to-the-cons

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